Ceramic vs Porcelain Tiles | What’s the best flooring option?

March 2, 2022

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Ceramic and porcelain tiles are the two most popular floor and wall tiles for residential and commercial construction. However, there is a lot of confusing information on the similarities and differences between the two. In this article, we’re going to discuss their composition, quality, price and performance.

Introduction

Tiles have a rich history and have been used for decorative purposes for centuries in various ancient civilizations. Ceramic tiles derive their name from the Greek word for “pottery’s clay,” as they were originally used for pottery. On the other hand, porcelain tiles are associated with the French word for “shell” or “chinaware.” Both types of tiles primarily consist of three essential ingredients:

Clay: The core component, formed from the weathering of igneous rock, gives tiles their malleable properties during wet conditions and hardness when dried or heated. Notable types of clay used for tiles include kaolinite, which creates white clay or china clay, as well as red kaolinite and ball clay.
Filler: This ingredient, such as quartz, silica, alumina, or zirconia, provides mechanical strength and shape to the tiles.
Feldspars: These aluminosilicates containing aluminum, silicon, oxygen, and sodium, potassium, or calcium act as fluxing agents, reducing the melting temperature and fusing all materials together during the firing process.

Manufacturing Process

Both ceramic and porcelain tiles go through a process of grinding the raw ingredients into a fine powder and then mixing them in specific proportions by weight. The resulting slurry is fed into an atomizer, which dries it to form a fine powder. This powder is then poured into molds and pressed into tiles, after which designs and colors are printed on top, and a liquid glass or glaze is sprayed over the surface. Finally, the tiles are fired in a kiln.

Comparison

While both ceramic and porcelain tiles share similar manufacturing processes, some key distinctions set them apart:

Strength: Porcelain tiles are made of finer clay and contain a higher percentage of kaolinite, making them stronger and denser than ceramic tiles. Porcelain tiles are pressed under much higher pressure, up to 100,000 lbs per sq in, making them more durable.
Water Absorption: Porcelain tiles have an extremely low water absorption rate of about 0.5%, making them almost impervious to water. In contrast, ceramic tiles have a higher absorption rate ranging from 2% to 20%, making them more suitable for indoor and residential use.
Usage: Porcelain tiles, due to their higher strength and water resistance, are recommended for high-traffic areas like commercial spaces, restaurants, bars, malls, and schools. Ceramic tiles are more commonly used for light-traffic areas in homes.
Cost: Generally, ceramic tiles are more budget-friendly than porcelain tiles. However, advancements in manufacturing have led to high-quality ceramic tiles that can rival some porcelain products, offering cost-effective yet durable options.
Glazing: Both ceramic and porcelain tiles can be unglazed or glazed. Unglazed tiles tend to be denser, thicker, and scratch and slip resistant. Glazed tiles are thinner, more prone to cracking, but more stain resistant. They are also better on walls than floors, since the glazing is slippery.
Density: Ceramic tile is easier to cut because it’s not as dense. I’ve used both a wet saw and a hand held grinder with a diamond tipped blade to cut them. Porcelain tile can be more difficult to cut because it’s denser.

Choosing the Right Tile for Your Space

When selecting between ceramic and porcelain tiles, consider factors such as intended usage, water exposure, foot traffic, and budget. Assess the quality of the print and texture on the top surface of the tile. Proper installation is crucial for both types, as even expensive porcelain tiles can crack without proper support.

Conclusion

Ultimately, ceramic and porcelain tiles offer excellent choices for your flooring needs. With their durability, non-toxic nature, and long-lasting properties, either option can add value and beauty to your space. Be sure to evaluate the specific requirements of your project and select high-quality tiles from reputable brands to enjoy beautiful and enduring floors for years to come.